Reconstruction Essay - 908 Words

Reconstruction was the time between 1863 and 1877 when the U.S. focused on abolishing slavery, destroying the Confederacy, and reconstructing the nation and the Constitution and is also the general history of the post-Civil War era in the U.S. between 1865 and 1877. Under Abraham Lincoln, presidential reconstruction began in each state as soon as federal troops controlled most of the state. The usual ending date is 1877, when the Compromise of 1877 saw the collapse of the last Republican state governments in the South Reconstruction opened many doors for its newly freed African American citizens. One the many doors, were those of political office. Though these doors opened for blacks in a variety of places, the social origins of†¦show more content†¦He was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate and because he preceded any African American in the House, he was the first African American in the U.S. Congress as well. He represented Mississippi in 1870 and 1871 during Reconstruction. As of 2008, Revels is one of only five African Americans ever to have served in the United States Senate. Revels was born free in Fayetteville, North Carolina, of a free father of mixed white and black ancestry, and a white mother of Scottish heritage. A black woman tutored him for his early education. At the time, the state legislature elected US senators. Revels was elected by a vote of 81 to 15 in the Mississippi State Senate to finish the term of one of the states two seats in the US Senate left vacant since the Civil War. He served on both the Committee on Education and Labor and the Committee on the District of Columbia. Much of the Senates attention focused on Reconstruction issues. While Radical Republicans called for continued punishment of ex-Confederates, Revels argued for amnesty and a restoration of full citizenship, provided they swore an oath of loyalty to the United States. Joseph Hayne Rainey was born in Georgetown, South Carolina, on June 31, 1832. His parents were both slaves, but his father, Edward, had a successful business as a barber, enabling him to purchase his familys freedom shortly after Joseph Raineys birth. Rainey was the first AfricanShow MoreRelatedCrime Scene Reconstruction1438 Words   |  6 PagesKristin Waters Crime Scene Reconstruction ENC 1102-154 Reconstructing a crime scene takes a lot of effort from experienced law enforcement, medical examiners, and criminalists. All of these professionals give unique perspectives to develop a crime-scene reconstruction. Forensic scientists also play a vital role in helping to reconstruct the crime scene. They use the crime-scene reconstruction to show events that occurred prior to, during, and after a crime was committed. (Saferstein, 2009) Read MoreReconstruction Of Reconstruction And Reconstruction1031 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction what is it?What does it mean to reconstruct? Is it possible to reconstruct nowadays? Reconstruction started in 1865 and ended in 1877.Reconstruction took place mostly in the south. Reconstruction was created to help fix the problems in the new union after slavery, but sadly didn t end well causing an all white government into power and failing the union. New economic,political and industrial growth was being made. New job opportunities were being m ade for the people and former blackRead MoreReconstruction Goals : Reconstruction And Reconstruction1296 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction Goals Reconstruction started in 1865 after the war was coming to an end and completed in 1877. It Is the process by which federal government controlled the former Confederate states and the conditions for their readmission to the union. Abraham Lincoln was our president at the time and could not form a treaty with the defeated government. 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(A New Birth of Freedom, pg. 1) After the 12 year span, reconstructing the nation succeeded in only a few of the goals that were set out to achieve within those 12 years that it was in progress. The Reconstruction’s intentionsRead MoreEssay On Reconstruction And Reconstruction1191 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction was a period which took place after the Civil War between 1865-1877, and it was a process by which former states of the Confederacy were â€Å"reconstructed† into the United States. Reconstruction was also a controversial period as the Blacks were not receiving the rights that they were promised due to which the Southerners were against Republicans, also the president, and the Congress did not agree on the same plan for Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in which America consistedRead MoreThe Legacy Of Reconstruction And Reconstruction Essay2362 Words   |  10 PagesRecent books on Reconstruction†¦have infused their subjects with drama by focusing on violent confrontations,† Eric Foner notes in the introduction of the updated edition to his 1988 publication Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. Up until now, Foner’s revisionist historiography of Reconstruction was the only alternati ve offered to the Dunning School’s account of the important historical era. In recent years a neo-revisionist interpretation of Reconstruction has emerged inRead MoreFacial Reconstructions2008 Words   |  9 PagesForensic Facial Reconstructions Samantha McAnally CRMJ430 April 20, 2013 Abstract This paper will focus mainly on the history and the various techniques that forensic facial reconstruction has to offer. It will also go over some problems or an issue that is process has faced over the years. The Daubert Standard will discuss and how facial reconstruction was allowed as evidence thru this standard. I will go over all the periods of time that facial reconstruction was used. ComputerizedRead MoreBreast Reconstruction Procedures For Women1221 Words   |  5 PagesBrickell neighborhood. He performs breast reconstruction procedures for women who have had a mastectomy. With breast reconstruction surgery, Dr. G can provide women with natural-looking, shapely breasts. Types of Breast Reconstruction Procedures Available Near Brickell For some patients, reconstruction can begin during their mastectomy. Other patients may choose to have their breast reconstruction at some point after their mastectomy. Typically, breast reconstruction surgery involves several surgical sessionsRead More Reconstruction Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction took place after the end of the civil war. The reason for reconstruction was to put the union back together and free the slaves once and for all. Reconstruction took three eras to be completed. The first was Lincoln, the second Andrew Johnson, and the third was the Congressional â€Å"hard plan.† The Lincoln era lasted from 1863-1865. On December of 1863 the decree of â€Å"soft plan† was introduced. The â€Å"soft plan† included amnesty for the southerners that took the loyalty oath. It also

Improving The Business Writing Skills Of Students Essay

We Need to Improve the Business Writing Skills of Students Continuously a hot topic in higher education is the assurance of learning. Do the students who have graduated actually have the skill they were promised? The case study focused on business writing in an MBA program and presented a perspective, five steps for improvement for MBA students’ writing skills. Furthermore, the study provided examples used in the assessment process as well as data analysis used close the circle in the learning cycle. Consequently, the study finished with ideas for future improvement and lessons learned in the process. The major concern was that students both past and present did not meet the expectations of professional writing. These complaints were expressed by both corporate executives and graduate faculty. The situation was summed up at a curriculum review meeting. They may have the greatest ideas in the world but, if they cannot express them clearly and persuasively in simple paragraph fo rm, that is clear, concise, and grammatically correct, they are of no use to the company. This case study focused on one component of the program: the process of teaching and assessing business writing for the MBA program. Furthermore, they also offered ideas for helping the students who struggled with weak writing skills. The literature on business writing courses is limited, of the 32 programs studied, 18 had required communication classes, and only four had writing proficiency requirements. TheShow MoreRelatedReflection On Simkin Et Al899 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy has indicated that graduating university students in America greatly lack the necessary writing skills to flourish in the workplace. In their 2012 paper â€Å"Student perceptions of their writing skills,† Simkin et al. outlined a variety of possible explanations for these troubling findings. 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How does Shakespeare Present Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare Present Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare. The play is about tragic love. Love, in the play, is presented in many different forms such as unrequited love, filial love, forbidden love, platonic love, romantic love and sexual love. The most important type of love that Shakespeare presented was true love. At the end of the play, true love ended the war between the two families (the Capulets and the Montagues). The play also shows different attitudes towards love such as love is beautiful. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare presents unrequited love, Out of her honour, where I am in love Romeo has just been heart broken by Rosaline, a girl whom he loved but she did not love him. After this heartbreak, his being against love and says that its a choking gall, this is a metaphor. He says this because love hurts, he also uses oxymoron such as brawling love feather of lead, Romeo sees love as light and gentle but after he lost his love, he feels love is heavy, its too much to bear. He has been hit with cupids arrow, however, he says: Shell not be hit with Cupids arrow she lives unharmed so Rosaline will not be hit with cupids arrow, she will be unharmed, whereas Romeo is already harmed by cupids arrow. In Act 1 Scene 2, Paris is asking to marry Juliet. He says: But now, my lord, what say you to my suit? Capulet says that she is too young and still is a stranger in the world Paris then says: Younger than she are happy mothers made this shows that Paris is in a hurry to getting married, this could be because at that time people did not live long enough. However, Capulet then wants him to win her affection towards him, which shows that she can learn to love him; this is an attitude towards love. He also does not want to spoil her and that she is his only child: Too soon marred Earth hath all my hopes but she this quote could mean that he may had other children before Juliet but they all died Earth hath all my hopes. Capulet is not against arranged marriages but he is an overly protective father who loves his daughter. In Shakespearean times, people used to have arranged marriages and could marry at an early age. The audience in those days would not be surprised whereas nowadays we would. Lady Capulet goes and tells Juliet that she is going to get married to Paris and tries to persuade her to agree: Read oer the volume of young Paris faceso shall you share that he doth possess she tells Juliet that Paris is good looking and wealthy. She tells her that he is wealthy because in those days women cannot earn any living or possess anything until she is married. Even though she is persuading Juliet to marry, I think her attitudes towards love are the same as Juliets father; you can learn to love someone and that love is a duty. Juliet does not seem to care about marrying because she does not seem to even dream of this honour. Here the love is family love between Juliet and her parents. Parents have the responsibility for looking out for the best interest for their child, and do what is best for the child. The Capulet parents practically did the opposite; they chose Paris as Juliets future husband. Romeo finds love complicated and cruel because of his broken heart: Is love a tender thing? It is too roughit pricks like a thorn for him love hurts as if a thorn had just pricked him. On the other hand, Romeos friend Mercutio attitude towards love is different; he thinks that love can be cured by saying: If love be rough with you, be rough with loveand beat love down Mercutio is saying to fight back, he wants him to gain Rosalines love or someone elses, this quote also shows that he sees love as a battle. Romeo goes to a party held by the Capulets, he and his friends are all wearing masks, In those days it was not surprising for people to wear masks to parties because wearing masks to parties were more popular. In another play called Much Ado about Nothing Shakespeare did a whole scene wearing masks to a party. Romeo sees Juliet and asks a serving man whom the lady is that doth enrich the hand of the man she is with. This is a metaphor, which means that Juliet is like a jewel, so she is precious to him. After the serving man told Romeo he did not know her name, Romeo starts talking about how beautiful she is; Shakespeare uses metaphors to show this: She doth teach the torches to burn bright, he says, meaning both that her beauty is brighter than the blaze of any torch and that her presence makes the whole room light up. He says a few more things about how beautiful she is, Beauty too rich for use, for earth to dear, Burn bright and rich are used as metaphors. Bright and rich are powerful words with an image. Romeo says Juliet teaches the torches to burn bright because Juliet was so bright, like the sun, that she could teach these torches about burning brightly. This image shows Juliets brilliance, light, purity, and beauty. Her beauty is rich, but rich as in magnificent and precious. Romeo expresses his strong feelings of love for Juliet: Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. This shows that Romeo tries to inform Juliet of his love for her in the strongest way he can. He shows his love by saying that she is richer than anything is, she is worth more than the world and that she is heavenly. As a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear, this quote, is also by Romeo for his love to Juliet. He cannot tell Juliet or anyone how much he reveres her. Shakespeare uses powerful images of wealth to try to give the reader an idea of how much Romeo loves Juliet and is using imagery of light and dark. Romeo acts as if he has been hit by Cupids arrow again. Sonnet form was used when Romeo and Juliet speak to each other for the very first time. Sonnets are mainly used for love poems. When Romeo takes her hand and claims: If I profane with my unworthiest hand this holy shrine, the gentle pain is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo wants to kiss Juliet. He expresses words, which make his lips sound as if Juliet would receive a pleasant feeling if she were to grant him a kiss. Words like Profane, shrine, sin, pilgrims, devotion, saints, palm, palmers, faith, pray are expressions related to religion and faith. It is clear that Shakespeares audience needs to be shown that the love between Romeo and Juliet was not lustful or immature, even if it was sudden. This connection with religion also serves another purpose: religion celebrates death as well as love. Towards the end of this scene, Juliet tells the Nurse to find out Romeos name, and says to herself; If he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed, this irony helps to underline the sense of Juliets feelings. She is prepared to marry Romeo and no one else. The audience however, already knows that she will die. However, Romeos feelings are broken, when he finds out which family Juliet belongs to: Is she a Capulet? Romeo has news from the nurse that his love is part of the Capulet family; Shakespeare does this to increase the tension. The Lord of the Flies Play EssayTybalt dies. The Prince comes and decides to vanquish Romeo from Verona. In act 3 scene 2 Juliet appears, she knows that the Nurse is going to bring the cords, the rope ladder that Romeo will use that night. The balcony is the place for the rope ladder. She is waiting night to come. She says, Give me my Romeo; and, when I shall die, take him and cut him out in to little stars, and he will make the face of heaven so fine, that all the world will be in love with night, and pay no worship to the garish sun Juliet believes that when Romeo comes to her in the night he will be with her forever, even after her death, shining like stars in the night. Shakespeare also put in the quote religious love to show that she loves him so much and that it is pure. In the balcony scene, Romeo describes Juliet as the shining sun but in the quote above she is the sun but does not want any attention, she just wants the whole world to be in love with night. After this, Juliet begins to come down to earth a little. She complains that although she and Romeo now belong to one another, neither of them really has the other one: O, I have bought the mansion of love, but not possessed it, and though I am sold, not yet enjoyed. This happened because Romeo and Juliets love is forbidden. Then the Nurse appears, carrying the rope ladder. When Juliet sees the Nurse coming, carrying the rope ladder, she is sure that the Nurse has some news of Romeo. This makes Juliet happy, because every tongue that speaks, but Romeos name speaks heavenly eloquence, but in a minute her happiness will turn to sorrow. Eagerly, Juliet asks what news the Nurse has, the Nurse, who has seen Tybalts body and heard how he died, she is so disturbed by it all that she confuses Juliet. Eventually, she tells her everything: Tybalt is gone, and Romeo banished; Romeo that killd him, he is banished. At this, it seems that Juliets heart turns against Romeo. She exclaims, O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! She is saying that Romeos face looks so innocent and beautiful (like a flower) but his heart is like a serpents heart, which means that it is evil, poisonous and dangerous just like a serpent. Juliet follows this metaphor with more, all of which express shock and amazement that Romeo could look so good from the outside but be so bad from the inside. However, this mood does not last long. When Juliet exclaims O that deceit should dwell In such a gorgeous palace, this quote is similar to one before, she is saying that Romeo is the gorgeous palace and that inside him is deceit. The Nurse replies that all men are like that, and says, Shame come to Romeo! Juliet cannot forget Romeo, she replies, Blisterd be thy tongue, for such a wish! He was not born to shame, upon his brow shame is ashamed to sit; for tis a throne for honour. Then she blames herself saying bad things about him, saying, O, what a beast was I to chide at him! This shows that Juliet cannot hate Romeo because she is married to him or she does truly love him even though he killed Tybalt. Later she says: Tybalt is dead, and Romeo-banished. Romeos banishment may seem shocking. She says the word banished is worse than the death of ten thousand Tybalts, this shows her love towards Romeo. At the beginning of the scene, Juliet was excited by the idea of Romeo coming to her in the night; now she is just angry by the idea that she will not see him again. After saying, the banishment of Romeo is worse than the death of her mother and father, because she loves him more than she loves her parents. She asks the Nurse where her mother and father are. The Nurse tells her they are mourning for Tybalt. Feeling sorry for Juliet, the Nurse knows where Romeo is hiding; in Friar Laurences cell, and tells Juliet to wait for him in her room. In Act 3 Scene 5 when Romeo is leaving Juliet, Juliet thinks that something bad is going to happen: Methinks I see thee, now thou art below, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Either my eyesight fails, or thou looks pale. He tries to reassure her that they will see each other; he tells her that she looks pale, too, and explains that Dry sorrow drinks our blood. In those days, it was thought that sorrow dried up the blood, and Romeo is saying they are both pale from the lack of blood caused by the sorrow of their parting because of their love. Lady Capulet tells Juliet that she is to marry Paris on Thursday, Juliet refuses and her father gets angry Lady Capulet thinks he has lost control of himself and asks if he has gone mad, her intervention gives Juliet a chance to fall to her knees and beg for a chance to say just one word, but her father is not going to listen. He denies the love for his daughter, so she is forced to marry. Juliet asks for help from the nurse but the nurse says that to marry Paris. Then she goes to Friar Laurence, then he tries to help her by making something like a poison but not a poison, if Juliet drinks it she will feel cold and change colour, her heart beat will slow done, then he will write a letter to Romeo to explain what is happening. In the final scene of the play, Romeo goes to the grave where Juliet was lying. He finds out that he can be happy that his Juliet is still beautiful. He says to her, Thou art not conquered; beautys ensign yet, is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks, and deaths pale flag is not advanced there. The colour in Juliets face shows the forces of beauty. Looking again at Juliet, Romeo asks why she is still so beautiful, and thinks that perhaps death is in love with her and the lean abhorred monster keeps, Thee here in dark to be his paramour. To prevent death from being Juliets lover, Romeo will join her. He promises her, I still will stay with thee; And never from this palace of dim night, Depart again. Then Romeo kisses Juliet and dies. Friar Laurence wakes up Juliet and she sees Romeo dead besides her, so she decides to stay. She sees a dagger next to Romeo and kills her self. Friar had to explain the full story to both the families. The love between the Nurse and Juliet is the same between Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse advises Juliet about her relations with Romeo. She was always happy for Juliet, and supported her relationship with the Montague openly. Romeo and Juliet is a play that has many themes. Love, has a major role in the play through Romeo and Juliet. I think Shakespeare really wanted his audience to believe that not all love stories end up as a happy ending; he maybe wanted them to see all the other types of love and attitudes towards love. In this play, they would have seen what true love is and maybe some of the audience may have changed their mind about arranged marriages. The side effects of forbidden love/true love is shown in this play such as Juliet being forced to marry Paris even when she said that she loves Romeo.

Spanish Christmas Essay Example For Students

Spanish Christmas Essay Throughout Mexico kids get together each afternoon to reenact the holy familys journey for a place to stay in Bethlehem. The procession is headed by a small Virgen MarÃÆ' ­a, often perched on a live burro, led by a equally tiny San JosÃÆ' ©. They are followed by other children protraying angels, the Santos Reyes, and a host of pastores y pastoras, all usually decked out in colorful handmade costumes and carrying brightly decorated bÃÆ' ¡culos or faroles. LAS PASTORELAS Pastorelas are staged throughout the holiday season by both amateur and professional groups. The Pastorelas tell of the shepherds respect of Baby Jesus. First they are visited in the fields by an angel who announces the holy birth. As the shepherds attempt to follow the great star leading them to Bethlehem they are plagued by a series of evils and misadventures provoked by the Devil. But in the end all ends well. We will write a custom essay on Spanish Christmas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now EL NACIMIENTO In most Mexican homes the principal holiday adornment is el Nacimiento. The focal point, naturally, is a stable where clay or plaster figurines of the Holy Family are sheltered. It is not unusual to also find the forces of evil represented by a serpent and a grotesque Lucifer lurking in the shadows. The figures may be simply positioned in a bed of hena, or scattered throughout an elaborate landscape. Nowadays a decorated Christmas tree may be incorporated in the Nacimiento or set up elsewhere in the home. As purchase of a natural pine represents a luxury commodity to most Mexican families, the typical arbolito is often an artificial one, a bare branch cut from a copal tree Bursera microphylla or some type of shrub collected from the countryside. NOCHE BUENA Holiday festivities culminate on Noche Buena with the celebration of a late-night Misa de Gallo. After that families head home for a traditional Christmas supper which may feature a simple meal of homemade tamales and atole or other regional dishes. Roast turkey, ham or suckling pig are other popular menu items for those who can afford it. Ponche, sidra or other spirits are served for the holiday brindis . The evening is rounded out with the opening of gifts and, for the children, piÃÆ' ±atas and luces de Belen. As these happy family gatherings generally last into the wee hours, December 25th is set aside as a day to rest and enjoy el recalentado . Incidentally, Santa Claus and the clatter of reindeer hooves on the roof do not generally figure in the scheme of Navidad. A Mexican youngsters holiday wishlist is directed instead to el NiÃÆ' ±o Dios for Christmas Eve and the Reyes Magos for Three Kings Day. LOS REYES MAGOS The Christmas season continues full throttle in Mexico through Epiphany, which is called DÃÆ' ­a de los Reyes. Echoing the arrival in Bethlehem of Wise Men bearing gifts for the baby Jesus, children throughout Mexico anxiously await waking up January  6 to find toys and gifts left by the Reyes Magos. In some regions it is customary to leave out shoes where treasures may be deposited by the visiting Wise Men.

Ethics and Southwest Airlines

Ethics and Southwest Airlines Free Online Research Papers Southwest Airlines has always been devoted to each and every community that we serve. Our Employees, Customers, and neighbors make the Southwest Family the LUVing place that it is, and we are proud to offer our cities more than just friendly and affordable air service. We offer our hearts! Thousands of times each year, Southwest Airlines and its Employees reach out to individuals, families, and entire communities providing help where it is needed. (Southwest 1) This statement is the declaration Southwest makes about its social responsibility for all to read on their corporate website. Southwest also earns the distinction of having been listed as one of the top 100 Best Corporate Citizens (Kostigen 2) since the inception of the list by KLD Research and Analytics, INC. Southwest Airlines started in 1971 when Rollin King and Herb Kelleher joined forces to start an airline and began services between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio, Texas. By the end of 1976, Southwest had carried its one millionth and the company was given the opportunity to extend its routes across the southwest. It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1977. â€Å"In 1984, Southwest was ranked the number one airline in terms of customer satisfaction for the fourth consecutive year (Marketline 3)†. In 1995, Southwest became the first major airline to introduce a ticket-less travel, eliminating the need to print a paper ticket and in 1996, the airline began offering internet ticket-less travel sales. Southwest became the fifth largest major airline in the US in 1999 after 28 years in service. With respect to its stakeholders, Southwest Airlines acts in an ethical and socially responsible manner. Company stakeholders include stockholders, passengers, communities, emplo yees and business partners (suppliers, airports). It does this through a variety of means. To determine how Southwest Airlines acts ethically one only need to look at what ethics is and how modern business ethics has developed. â€Å"ethics in business is simply the application of everyday moral or ethical norms to business†. (De George 4) In the United States ethics seems to focus on the ethical actions of individuals. Most people when discussing business ethics raise examples of immoral or unethical activity by individuals. Included with this is the criticism of multinational corporations that use child labor, pay pitifully low wages to employees in less developed countries and might use suppliers that run sweat shops. â€Å"Many business persons are strongly influenced by their religious beliefs and the ethical norms that they have been taught as part of their religion, and apply these norms in their business activities.† (De George 4) Much of the history of ethics can be found in religious contexts. Not only do many historians say the ten commandments of the bible are part of the foundation of ethics but they also reference the writings of Aristotle and other theologians and philosophers throughout the ages. Some historians go as far as to ascribe ethics to very specific groups. â€Å"Protestantism made business ethics possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Vogel 5) The religious beliefs during the time of ST Thomas Aquinas was that any sort of money making and profit taking was morally suspect and surely damned the merchant to the fires of hell. In more modern times there is less correlation between what is considered ethical and the thoughts or â€Å"concepts of sin, evil or divine judgment. Nevertheless, we remain no less preoccupied with the relationship.† (Vogel 5) There are still people today that think monetary success must be directly related to unethical acts or behavior. Is just doing the right thing for you stakeholders the only part of business ethics? No, not at all, being socially responsible as well as ethical is something m ost companies including Southwest Airlines strive for. â€Å"Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should be held accountable for any of its actions that affect people, their communities, and their environment†¦However, being socially responsible does not mean that a company must abandon its other missions.† (Lawrence 6) When it comes to corporate social responsibility, â€Å"CSR has many different manifestations. In one way or another, however, its common thread is the goal of integrating the public interest into the corporation’s mission.† (Senser 7) Robert Sensor a activist and frequent author on the topic of human rights and the rights of workers in developing nations asks the questions it corporate social responsibility just a tool for large corporations to circumvent governments and for governments to abdicate their duties and responsibilities to its citizens to the global corporation? Another point of view was expressed at the 2002 World Summit. â€Å"†¦its key message: Th e private sector has a duty to contribute to the evolution of equitable and sustainable communities and societies.† (Blake 8) Blake also goes on to describe that it is in the best interest of a business to practice corporate social responsibility. â€Å"Few companies can succeed in a society- or indeed, a global economy- that fails. By generating economic growth, creating jobs, behaving with integrity, and paying taxes, businesses can contribute to societys development and play a full role as corporate citizens.† Blake describes a three step process or phase, starting with the first step/phase that is the most basic and may or may not reap immediate benefits but sets the foundation on which a business can build the rest of its programs. Basic issues such as safety, the effect on the environment and standard employee relations fall into this first phase. Part two, the businesses process pushes the basics to beyond what is regulatory and is a company doing better on its own accord. The company would take initiative to strive to be better than just meeting the standard. This could mean anything from a company going green before government regulations require them to or advancing employee relations with liberal flex time for mothers or offering day care in the work place. The third phase is that of â€Å"the innovator† and because of all the previous efforts the company becomes the one that others want to be involved with. At this level a company’s reputation is secure, in fact a company with excellent social responsibility would be more likely to receive sympathy and the benefit of the doubt should trouble or scandal strike. Though great economists and business men of the past felt profit was the only re sponsibility a company had to its stakeholders, corporate responsibility is here and likely here to stay. The challenge for companies is not just taking care of the people at home but being good global citizens as well. The definition of global citizenship is different depending on where you are on the globe. The culture of where you are definitely effects the definition of what is a good global citizen. In the case of a U.S. based corporations that â€Å"Corporate citizenship in the United State reflects a peculiar mix of U.S. values and ideologies that are both its strengths and its vulnerabilities. â€Å" (Googins 9) According to the U. S. Chamber of Commerce: Corporate citizenship programs have tended to follow economic investments, not precede them. Increasingly, companies and chambers of commerce are studying how signify-cant social investments may lead to economic benefits. While some companies take great pains to separate their philanthropic activities from their business, other companies find that programs that are related to their company’s competencies, assets, values, and interests are generally more sustainable. (BCLC 10) Corporate citizenship is putting corporate social responsibility to work (Lawrence 6). The focus is on a total company concept instead of just focusing on profits. While any company worth their salt will always ensure the social and philanthropic avenues they pursue will also benefit them, the benefits are not always tangible but can be seen in improved reputation and customer loyalty which are invaluable to any business in this age of dramatic change and upheaval in all markets. How does Southwest Airlines embody these concepts, enabling them to be recognized as a top corporate citizen? In regards to Southwest’s treatment of its shareholders you could say the bottom line has always been good. The first quarter of fiscal year 2008 was the one hundred and twenty fifth quarterly dividends that Southwest has distributed. This is over thirty years of quarterly dividends, if that alone is not taking care of shareholders I am not sure what is. On the other end of the spectrum is how Southwest treats those that enable the shareholders the chance of those quarterly dividends, the passengers. The fact that they are the only major carrier to remain profitable in every quarter since September 11, 2001. â€Å"In an industry plagued with struggles to make profits and to keep employees and customers happy, Southwest Airlines has been profitable for an industry-record 33 continuous years. It enjoys a total market value that exceeds that of the other Fortune 500 air lines combined.† (BCLC 11) The airline industry has been going through a tough phase over the past few years and some airlines have had to declare bankruptcy. Southwest keeps on generating profits. There is clear evidence that Southwest acts ethically, socially responsibly and as a good citizen with its passengers. Southwest was so confident of this; they allowed television cameras to record its daily activities and broadcast footage which aired on cable television as the show Airline. Southwest has the passengers in mind when moving to a new airport. â€Å"Before Southwest, travelers flying out of Norfolk were paying some of the highest fares in the nation. Norfolks average fare was the 18th highest of 83 airports surveyed by federal transportation officials.† (AP 12) Southwest moved in and offered a more affordable product forcing competitors to match it or move out. Providing it passengers a quality product at the very core of what Southwest chooses to do. For those who have ever ridden with Southwest they do not find the usual stuffy navy uniforms of the other major carriers but casual (but nice) clothed attendants that like to smile, joke and generally make the fly ing experience as positive as possible. Southwest is committed to provide its customers great service with a twenty eight page â€Å"Customer Service Commitment† that details all the services Southwest promises to provide to each and every customer. It encourages customers to ask questions and promises that Southwest will attempt to provide each passenger with a positive experience. The way Southwest shows ethics, corporate social responsibility and global citizenship in regards to its passengers is in the way every patron is treated with respect and that while Southwest makes a profit it is not on the backs of its customers but through smart business acumen. In reference to how Southwest shows ethical behavior, corporate social responsibility and global citizenship in regards to the communities it operates in is fairly simple. Southwest is usually welcomed with open arms in each community that it moves to. Not only does Southwest bring competition and lower air fares but jobs and community service. Southwest employees participate in numerous charitable drives. Southwest employees build teams and participate in the â€Å"Walk for the Cure† nationwide, they support the Sacramento, CA Ronald McDonald House, and paint over graffiti in Dallas, TX. Their efforts are not just limited to the cities they call home. Southwest employees donated over fifty thousand dollars towards Share the Spirit, an initiative to donate thousands of phone cards to deploying U.S. troops so they could stay in touch with loved ones at home. This is just the tip of the iceberg in regards to Southwest giving back to the community. They assist children that ar e burn victims attend the annual Parkland Burn Camp. (Southwest 13) Their generosity and willingness to help others show the social responsibility and citizenship that all companies strive to achieve. This is a fantastic symbiotic relationship for Southwest. They have a fantastic reputation that has been built on great service and good works. Southwest attributes much of its success to its employees. The current president of Southwest Airlines, Colleen Barrett started at Southwest as a secretary and moved her way up through the ranks. Southwest currently employees more than thirty three thousand employees across the United States with new hubs and jobs opening almost every month. The Southwest mission statement to employees is as follows We are committed to provide our Employees a stable work environment with equal opportunity for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for improving the effectiveness of Southwest Airlines. Above all, Employees will be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Southwest Customer. (Southwest 14) Southwest Airlines engenders â€Å"fanatically loyal customers who regularly write letters to CEO Herb Kelleher to say Wow! Im impressed!?† By putting its employees first, according to Kathy Pettit, director of customers. By making them feel appreciated and valued†¦Each employee gets a birthday card from Herb Kelleher on his or her birthday. (HMS 15) Southwest also rewards employees monthly for their hard work and ensures the employees have a vested interest in the companies success. â€Å"15 percent of Southwests pretax operating income is invested in profit-sharing, and 25 percent of each employees account is invested in Southwest stock.† (HMS 15) When the airline does well, so do the employees. The last but not leased stakeholder in Southwest Airlines is its business partners. Those that do business with Southwest on a daily, weekly, monthly or even yearly basis. Southwest has worked with smaller airports and increase the local business ten fold. In Chicago, IL instead of taking on the overcrowded O’Hare airport it struck a deal with Midway, a smaller in airport. They offered consumers an alternative that resulted in less wait time and an easier commute to and from the airport. They do the same thing in Dallas, TX. Instead of fighting the traffic to the main airport, Southwest is located in the city at Love field and provides a much easier travel experience than the busy Dallas International Airport. This helps all involved with Southwest while also helping to revive or maintain small local airports. Southwest also wants to help its suppliers. It does not just do business with the large brand names like Coke. The Supplier diversity program â€Å"†¦was designed to enable Southwest to extend opportunities to qualified Small, Disadvantaged, HUBZone, Minority, Women, Veteran and Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Businesses (Diverse Businesses). It is the goal of this program to assist Diverse Businesses in their development as competitive suppliers of products and services.† (Southwest 16) Southwest is known for approaching it partners slightly differently. With a make unions your partners, not your enemies and build relationships with your suppliers how could a business not want to deal with Southwest? â€Å"The Southwest Airlines Way that success stems from the ability to build and sustain strong relationships among everyone involved in the airline†¦ also unions and suppliers† (Gittell 17) Southwest Airlines deserves to be on the best corporate citizen list and I believe it will be there for many years to come. Southwest is not about the big showmanship that has sent so many other competitors to bankruptcy. Smart business choices, great relationships with the employees, communities, shareholders and business partners has propelled Southwest into a very profitable enterprise. As the only airline that has made a profit for the past thirty four years I surmise that they are on the right track. One future obstacle that is looming over Southwest and has its competitors ready to pounce is the impending retirement of one of the founders and its president. The challenge for Southwest will be to keep up the good works while still providing a sound product. While it seems simple the act of balancing the desires for profit of the shareholders with being a good corporate steward and citizen can be daunting during times of change and upheaval. I wish Southwest the best of luck and look forward to 2008 when they begin to provide service to Honolulu, HI. WORKS CITED Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/share_the_spirit/share_the_spirit.htmlkld.com/research/socrates/businessethics100/2007/company_spotlight.html Kostigen,Thomas. â€Å"The 100 best corporate citizens†. 23 February 2007. Market Watch marketwatch.com/news/story/100-best-corporate-citizens/story.aspx?guid={AD745A51-8B9B-47DB-91BA-E1BBCFC1C6F5}dist=morenews MarketLine. 30 November 2007. marketlineinfo.com/company_analysis.htm/#southwest De George, Richard T. â€Å"A History of Business Ethics†. 19 February 2005. Santa Clara University. scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/conference/presentations/business-ethics-history.html Vogel, David. â€Å"The Ethical Roots of Business Ethics.† Business Ethics Quarterly; (1991) Vol. 1 Issue 1. p101-120. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5hid=8sid=b78c7d8f-b485-4bc4-8b5c-4c1cfabd4299%40sessionmgr3 Lawrence, Anne T. and Weber, James. Business in Society. 2008. 12th edition. pg 45-46. Senser, Robert A. â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fledgling Movement Faces a Crucial Test†. Dissent Magazine. Winter 2007. dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=738 Blake, Janet. â€Å"Caring for the Bottom Line.† Human Resources Planning; 2007. vol. 30 Issue 1: 36-44. Hawaii Pacific University. 1 December 2007. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=4hid=4sid=fc80a0c5-b062-4e86-b4dc-1b9ce4dbebd7%40sessionmgr9 Googins, Bradley. T. â€Å"The Journey towards Corporate Citizenship in the United States†. Journal of Corporate Citizenship. Spring 2002. aktive-buergerschaft.de/cci/resourcen/jcc5goog.pdf Business Civic Leadership Center. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Global Corporate Citizenship: Corporate Citizenship in Emerging Markets. 2007. uschamber.com/bclc/resources/0709emergingmarketsreport.htm Business Civic Leadership Center. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Southwest’s Secret to a Positive Corporate Culture: Its Employees†. uschamber.com/bclc/profiles/southwest.htm Associated Press. â€Å"Fares down. passengers up after Southwests arrival† USA Today. 28 November 2003. usatoday.com/travel/news/2003-11-28-swa-norfolk_x.htm Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/share_the_spirit/events1.html#troops Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/mission.html HMS Group. â€Å"How Southwest Airlines Creates Loyal Customers†. Loyalty Line Newsletter. January 1997hsmgroup.com/nuts/index.html Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/supplier_information.html Gittell, Jody. The Southwest Airlines Way McGraw-Hill. April 2005. http://web.mit.edu/airlines/www/news-articles/articles/news-Gitell-04-09-2003.pdf Research Papers on Ethics and Southwest AirlinesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of India

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Evolution of Integrated Marketing Communications to Integrated Brand Essay

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