Janie, in Zora Neale Hurstons Essay Example For Students

Janie, in Zora Neale Hurstons Essay Janie, in Zora Neale Hurstons, Their Eyes Were Watching God, changed throughout the course of the three major stages of her life. In each of her three marriages, Janie, experienced both oppression and freedom through her interactions with her husbands. Her transition from different towns also helped her discover herself, and explore her options in society as a black woman. Literary critic, Claire Crabtree, wrote that, the three marriages and the three communities in which Janie moves represent increasingly wide circles of experience and opportunities for expression of personal choice. In each of her marriages, Janie undergoes a moment of intimidation of her husbands assertive and dominant character, to a moment of anger and retaliation from all of the moments that she had held back. The only exception is in her last marriage with Vergible (Tea Cake) Woods, whom she unwillingly killed and remained involved with after doing so. Each of her phases follow the same basic sequence. In the beginning, she feels physically and verbally oppressed by her husband, then, she comes to a realization of her mistreatment, and then she finally acts upon it by retaliating in a gruesomely honest way, presumptuously stating the sad truth. By this point, all of her stresses and angers towards her husband have built up, and, disregarding everything that her grandmother told her about keeping quiet with her husbands, she blew up. Janie knew that she deserved the best. She dreamed of being treated like the smart woman that she was, and for once, not be deprived of her intelligence, just because she was a woman. This is why Janie retaliated against her husbands, directly or indirectly, after a long time of passiveness towards them, because she realized that what she was living with them, was not her dream. Janie was in the search of her dream as well as her personal voice, and she did not want to waste her time with something that she did not want. If she knew that at the moment something was in her way, detaining her from reaching her goals, she set out to do whatever it was that she had to do to free herself from this obstacle; What was she loosing so much time for? A feeling of sudden newness came over her. Janie hurried out of the front gate and turned south. Even if Joe was not there waiting for her, it was bound to do her good (Hurston 31). Janie decided to leave Logan because she knew that living with him was not helping her create a personal voice, and because she knew that she could be receiving better treatment from someone else. Leaving Logan allowed Janie to freely move closer up to living her dream. Critic Lynn Domina in Novels For Students, that despite what Janies grandmother taught her, she did not want to tolerate mistreatment from her husband; Janie, however, decides that she will not be treated as a mule, even if she has to reject the values that her grandmother has taught her (Domina 313). Even though her grandmother taught her good moral values, establishing a personal self was far more important to Janie than disregarding Nanny. Leaving Logan was Janies form of retaliation against Logan; only because she knew that here grandmother would have been disappointed. Janies second marriage was to Joe Starks. After Joe dies, Janie decides to move on with her life and do the things that she wanted to do while Joe was alive. Joe was a jealous husband. He was most over protective with Janies long straight hair, which many of the townsmen vied as sexually attractive. .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .postImageUrl , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:hover , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:visited , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:active { border:0!important; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:active , .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300 .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff5316c064efb02569a6e2929c429300:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shindlers list EssayHe would make Janie wear head rags to cover her hair up, but after Joe died, she burnt up every one of her head rags and went about with her hair in one thick braid swinging well below her waist (Hurston 85). This was Janies way of freeing herself from all of the years of being oppressed by Joe, and burning her head rags was her form of retaliation. Critic Lynn Domina wrote that Janie moved onto a style of life that was more convenient for her, rather than her husband; After Joe dies, she begins to wear her hair in a long braid She begins to dress in overalls rather than in middle-class dresses because she finds the pants more comfortable and convenient (Domina 314). Janie, in a rather quick pace, is acting upon her desires, separating herself from her husbands whims, to what she wants. She is solidifying her personal voice, and moving closer to living her dream. When she accomplishes this, she will feel confident to stand up to her husbands, and be fearless of exposing her own personal opinions, without having to worry about dismissing her own argument if her husband disagrees with her. This is what Janie has always wanted, and this is what she is determined to get. Janies last marriage was with Vergible (Tea Cake) Woods. For the most part, this marriage went well. Janie, actually, ended up unwillingly killing Tea Cake in self defense, as he threatened to kill her with a gun. Killing Tea Cake freed Janie from all of the oppressions that she received from men. His death was her next step to utter freedom; It was the meanest moment of eternity. A minute before she was just a scared human being fighting for its rights. Now she was her sacrificing self with Tea Cakes head on her lap Then the grief of outer darkness descended (Hurston 175). Though she remained loving him after killing him, without doing this, she could have never reached complete personal freedom. Critic Claire Crabtree agrees that the death of Tea Cake only further helped Janie in the creation of her own personal voice, because she said that Hurston, as a feminist, did not want Janie to find fulfillment in a man, but rather in her new-found self (Crabtree 317). Janies strong beliefs towards mens sexist behaviors restrained her from being meant to be a conjugal partner. Tea Cakes death represented Janies full victory against men. It also supplied Janie with the strength that she needed in order to mold into the image that she has always wanted for herself. The pressures that she received from men would no longer be obstacles in the road that lead to her dreams. Janie, in one way or another, retaliated her against her husbands. Though she might have seemed vulnerable and easily controlled, she really was not. She showed them her capabilities through her retaliations, as well as her strong will and to make her dreams come true. Each husband gave her the strength that she needed to succeed in life, and the outcome of all three stages was all that she had wanted; her dreams coming to a reality. Bibliography Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1937. Domina, Lynn. Novels For Students. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998 Crabtree, Claire. Southern Literacy Journal. Spring, 1985.

Linkage Between Capital Market Development and Economic Growth free essay sample

The capital market is an integral part of the financial system that provides efficient delivery mechanism for mobilization and allocation, management and distribution of long-term fund (Sunday O. E. Ewah and Judey Bassey). The capital market is a market for long-term debt and equity securities, where business enterprise and government can raise fund for long-term investments. It is normally divided into two broad categories: the stock market and the bond market (Central Bank of Lesotho Economic Review 2009). According to Tokunbo S.Osinubi (2000), the stock market is reported to perform some functions which promote the growth and development of an economy. It plays a pivotal role in mobilizing idle fund from surplus economic unit and channels such fund into deficit unit for investment in long-term project. The supplier of funds are basically individuals and corporate bodies who subscribe to capital market instrument as a way of adding value to their unused financial resources while the deficit unit i. We will write a custom essay sample on Linkage Between Capital Market Development and Economic Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. the end users of the fund are government and corporate bodies as individual cannot approach the capital market for fund. Equally, the capital market provides ideal source for corporate bodies and government to pool monies from people and corporate bodies to finance capital intensive project which its internal purse cannot cope with. Akingboungbe (1996) opined that the importance of the capital lies in its financial intermediation capacity to link the laggard sector of the economy with the active sector. According to him, the absence of such capacity robs the economy of investment and production of goods and services for societal advancement. Capital market in any nation exists to provide long-term funds for government and corporate bodies for development purpose. It deals with long-term financial instruments which include equities or stocks, debentures, government bonds and derivatives like future options. In the capital market, the stock in trade is money which is often viewed as the lubricant of the economy and which can be raised through various instruments such as right issues, debt instrument, equity offering as well as through the stock exchange. This is a pointer to the fact that the capital market provides the wherewithal with which the goal of economic growth can be actualized, and equally held the key to economic prosperity of any nation. A virile capital market is capable of assisting a nation to muster financial resources and skills for rapid growth and development. The capital market is viewed as engine of growth in most countries. Empirical research by CBL Economic Review 2009 indicated that the capital market connects monetary sectors with the real sector and therefore facilitates growth in the real sector and economic development. The CBL economic review adduced the following as the fundamental channels through which capital market is connected to economic growth: First, capital markets increase the proportion of long-term savings (pension, funeral savings) that is channeled to long-term investment. Capital market enables contractual savings industry to mobilize long-term savings from small individual households and channel them into long-term investment. It fulfils the transfer of current purchasing power, in monetary forms from surplus sector to deficit sectors, in exchange for reimbursing a great purchasing power in future. In this way, the capital market enables corporations to raise funds to finance their investments in real estate. The implication will be an increase in aggregate consumption and hence growth and development. Second, capital market also provides equity capital and infrastructure development capital that has strong socio-economic benefit through development of roads, housing, energy, telecommunication, etc. These projects are ideal for financing through capital market via long-term bonds and asset backed securities. Moreover, capital market promotes public-private partnership to encourage private sector participation in productive investment. The need to shift economic growth from public to private sector has become inevitable as resources continue to diminish . It assists the public sector to close the resource gap, and complement its effort in financing socio-economic development through raising long-term project based capital. It also attracts foreign portfolio investors who are critical in supplementing the domestic savings levels. It facilitates inflow of foreign exchange into the domestic economy. Furthermore, the CBL Economic review 2009 equally asserted that countries with developed capital market have higher economic growth than countries without. An instance cited to justify this position is South Africa, the country with the largest and most developed capital market in Africa in terms of market capitalization which is experiencing faster growth compared to other countries with less-developed capital market. In Nigeria, the capital market seems not to have contributed so robustly to economic growth as the empirical research of the CBL Economic review and the predict of endogenous growth model which envisage positive correlation between the development of the capital market and economic growth both suggested. The capital market in Nigeria started rolling in 1960 when the Nigeria Stock Exchange was opened. It metamorphosed from the Lagos Stock Exchange which had been created in 1959 based on the recommendation of the Barback Committee set up by the then federal government. However, the Nigeria capital market has enjoyed a decade of unprecedented growth in the past five years. Going by the annual report of the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) the total market capitalization has increased by over 90%though, this feat was short lived by the decline of 45. 8% in market capitalization recorded in 2008. According to the NSE, the impressive performance of the capital market can be attributed to some reasons: First, the bank consolidation exercise which introduced a minimum capital requirement for banks stimulated the performance of the capital market as it has encouraged most banks to choose the stock market. Equally, the privatization policy has also significantly impacted on the performance of the capital market. Even though with this scenario, the Nigeria capital market is yet to keep pace with the trend across the globe. According to Sule Ndanusa the Director General of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Nigeria capital market is still a small market by international standard as its equity listing and market capitalization stood at 196 and $7billion respectively. This size of the Nigeria capital market is affected by the continuous depreciation of the naira. While the global trend dictates that the market capitalization of the capital market should be nearer the GDP or be above it, the market capitalization of the Nigeria capital market hovered around 60% and 39% respectively for 2007 and 2008 (NSE Annual report2009) respectively compared to that of South Africa which stood at 239%. Thus, a lot still need to be done to make the Nigeria capital market the engine of growth for the Nigeria economy. Given the scenario in the Nigeria capital market, the point of departure of this study is to examine the linkage between capital market development and economic growth with a view to explore the channels through which the capital market in Nigeria can be made engine of growth while addressing problem inherent in its operation. In the word of Adebiyi (2005), capital market in developing countries often suffer from classical defect such as illiquidity, lack of equity capital, bank dominated economies and lack of investor’s confidence in the capital market. The situation in the Nigeria capital market is not different as the predominant problem revolves around low market capitalization as well as illiquidity as most research works have revealed (e. g. Emenuga 2004, Judey Bassey and Sunday E. Ewah). This is coupled with the more serious obstacle of non-strengthening of the channels of transmission from financial development to economic growth such as financial depth(ratio of financial asset to national income), advanced financial structure(moving from bank and non-bank ntermediaries to stock market ), size as well as the efficiency of the financial system . The description of the Nigeria capital market as a small market by international standard as well the dominant roles which banks still play in the financial system at the expense of other financial intermediaries lends credence to this viewpoint. Several recent overviews of the link between financial market development and economic growth affirm positive correlation between financial market development and economic growth. But, in Nigeria evidences to this effect are weak, inconclusive and non-definitive. For instance, Sunday O. E. Ewah and Jude Bassey (2004) concluded that capital market has growth inducing potential but it has not contributed to economic growth owing to such problems such as low market capitalization and illiquidity. In similar vein, efforts were equally made by Nyong (1997) to develop an aggregate index of capital market development and use it to determine its relationship with long-term growth in Nigeria. The study employed a time series data between 1970 and 1974. The result of the study reveals that capital market is negatively and significantly correlated with long-run growth in Nigeria. The result also showed that there exist bi-directional causality between capital market development and economic growth. However, Levine and Zervos (1996) established positive relationship between the measure of stock market development and long-run growth rates. Ariyo and Adelegan (2005) contended that the liberalization of capital market contributes to the growth of the Nigeria capital market but its impact at the macro-economy is negligible. That is, the question of the channels through which capital market development correlate with economic growth has not been given detailed attention in empirics literature in Nigeria as most available empirical analysis in this direction are cross-country study and more so, are conducted for Asian and European economy. Such works include Jose De Gregorio et al (2003) Dipendra Sinha et al Saray Joy et al (2002) . A more potent proof of the scanty of evidence on the channel of transmission from financial development and economic growth can be found in the word of Valpy FitzGerald (2006) who stated that financial development and economic growth are clearly related and this relationship has occupied the mind of economists from Smith to Schumpeter, although the channels and direction of this relationship has remained unresolved in both theory and empirics literature. Thus, the absence of empirical analysis in this direction has left a serious gap that needed to be filled with a research enquiry. Following the foregoing from the few empirical evidences sighted above which reveal inadequacy and lack of agreement among analysts about the sine-qua-non role of capital market in economic growth coupled with scanty of literature on channels of transmission from financial development to growth and the pervasive problem of decline in market capitalization and illiquidity which characterize the Nigeria capital market as reflected in Nigeria Stock Exchange Annual report(2009), it becomes important to turn the searchlight on the capital market and every other thing that accompany or propel it with a view to empirically examine how linkage between capital market development and economic growth as well as the channels of transmission from capital market development to growth can be pursued to bring the dream of economic growth to fruition.

Compare and contrast how realism through television influences the audience The WritePass Journal

Compare and contrast how realism through television influences the audience Introduction Compare and contrast how realism through television influences the audience IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction The analysis which will follow will look at the British television drama, in particular looking at the different codes of realism and how it uses different techniques to draw upon this. The comparing and contrasting of how realism through television influences the audience will also be discussed. In addition to this, a brief overview of the analysis will be discussed using the examples; Coronation Street (1960) and Shameless (2004), considering the class and gender issues thoroughly.â€Å"for, in my view, television is from its very nature, more suitable for the dissemination of all kinds of information than for entertainment as such, since it can scarcely be expected to complete successfully with films in that respect. Nevertheless, the lighter forms of entertainment will certainly have their place.†(Gerald Cock, 1936, pg. 7) The view of television that emerges from Cock (1936) shows the assumptions that have been made in the early decades about the function of television. When television is first apparent, what is noticed the most is the assertion of immediacy; being a continuing theory appearing throughout the analysis of television. According to Cock (1936), the effect that this theory has is one of the factors that gives British television drama its iconic form; individualising this genre of television from cinema and the drama programmes that were scheduled in the United States of America. One factor of realism to consider is social realism. This is the struggle of socialism, influenced by the level of social development surrounding the subject in hand. This is in comparison to critical realism. According to Lukcs (1963), social realism differs from critical realism. Socialist society is seen as an independent one, not simply there to be as a support for capitalist society. An example that effectively shows realism through television drama is Shameless (2004). This hybrid television programme has aspects of a soap drama; in the mixture of social realism that is consistently displayed throughout the different storylines. This popular television programme is surrounding family life and the dramas which occur on a day-to-day life, within challenging conditions. The drama is set in the outer suburbs of Manchester on a disadvantaged estate; showing real situations through a fictional narrative, in a comedic way. In terms of the drama, Nelson (2007) suggests that Shameless (2004) resembles a sitcom type television programme to a serial drama. This can be apparent through many continuing narratives throughout the programme. An example of this can be that all of the episodes throughout the series begin in the exact same way by hearing Frank Gallagher’s voice-over that introduces his family and their life on Chatsworth Estate; the sense of a sitcom being that Frank never changes throughout. This factor brings comedy to the television programme as it carries a significant comic irony, as the name of the estate is the same as the stately home of that name. This portrays to the audience that Frank Gallagher is one of the main protagonists in Shameless (2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚   When referring back to realism throughout television, Shameless (2004) has many issues that are addressed through the narrative. One of the ways this television programme is effective in portraying realism is that the writer, Paul Abbott draws upon his own experiences of growing up in a chaotic household; giving the material and narratives written a huge sense of realism. This is also because Abbott writes from an insider on the social experiences, rather than an observer looking on from the outside. â€Å"The deserting parents, the teenage pregnancies, the lack of legitimate income, the criminal sentencesChaos became the norm and our threshold for tolerating up-heaval was tested to the nth degreeBits of that life were unmissable.† (Paul Abbott, channel4.com/programmes/shameless, 2005) A code is a sign or signal which gives a sense of meaning to communication. According to Bernadette Casey (2008), the codes that are made up are used as a set of rules, according to the context and the culture it is within. Examples of codes that everyone can relate to can be simple codes like traffic lights on the roads to more complex codes like different languages from around the world. Within television studies, the term ‘code’ means to seek ‘unexplored audio-visual systems which have the capacity to construct and organise meaning in media texts’ (Casey, 2008, pg. 38). John Fiske (1987) also attempts to discuss media and television codes, beginning to argue that reality is already encoded culturally; therefore aspects like dress and behaviour are influenced by culture. He also states that technical codes influence that camera to manipulate how different characters on camera are represented to the audience. The concept of representation is closely influenced by the aspect of reality when linked to television. Richard Dyer (1985) outlined an approach on representation. When the audience watch a television programme, they become absorbed in the context of the narrative. For example: a character’s role or position on the camera. He also argues that in order for the audience to engage their interest in a particular television programme, then the media representations of that programme must provide some sort of pleasure from it. However, a criticism to this argument is that the assumption is made that the audience watching shares the enjoyment equally, which is not always accurately the case. Many social differences shown on television make certain that each viewer will experience a different level of pleasure. Some of these social differences that influence viewer’s pleasure levels are ethnicity, class, gender, age and sexual orientation. This therefore links onto one social a spect of television that is being discussed, with the support of examples. Class can be understood through television in two ways; first by analysing the history of the concept and the theories that surrounds it and secondly, the way in which the different classes have been represented throughout television. According to Karl Marx (1983), the term ‘class’ has a number of complex meanings; referring first and foremost to economic and social position, and the power and status that is gained as a result from this. He also argued that society is split into two large sections; those who own the means of production (capitalists) and those who work for the production (proletariats). With Marx’s theory in support, the ‘base/superstructure’ model was invented, resting on the ideas that the class structure or economy (the base) determined all other aspects of what we may call culture (the superstructure). Even though Karl Marx’s research was before the time of television, more recent researchers link Marx’s theories to m ore recent television theories relating to class structures. When audiences are offered television, it is linked to supporting capitalism and ruling-class ideology. For example: most news channels on television focus on subjects surrounding international finance, world markets and domestic industrial conflict. This therefore showing a more upper-class agenda. The notion of economic class has been made additional to the ideas surrounding social class; being used as a significant way in enhancing market research tasks for advertising purposes and throughout television industries. This is to determine and profile specific audiences. Social class groups are based on lifestyle choices, spending power and income. In the United States of America, class went through a transition of being unaware for audiences within television. This was partly influenced by the anti-communist fever of the Cold War period. This according to Casey (2008) marginalised class. Wilson (1980) also supported this n otion by stating that the absence of working-class characters on television had received less attention than other issues portrayed on television programmes. Some of these include: gender and race. There is some previous research that supports the class representation throughout television programmes. Butsch (1995) conducted a survey of prime-time television in the United States of America. The findings were that over four decades analysed, there was a consistent under-representation of working-class occupations and an over-representation on more highly professional and managerial occupations. This shows that audiences prefer wealth and glamour, and that lower-class representations have a negative connotation on television programmes. One example that will be used to analyse the way the representation of class is highlighted throughout is the British television drama Shameless (2004). This popular television programme, as explained above is surrounding family life and the dramas which occur on a day-to-day life, within challenging conditions. The drama is set in the outer suburbs of Manchester on a disadvantaged estate; showing real situations through a fictional narrative, in a comedic way. The television drama is seen as somewhat of a tradition, as the writer Paul Abbott aimed to expose the more disadvantaged estates in contemporary Britain; succeeding extremely well, with the audience often laughing rather than being sympathetic or feeling concerned for the different characters within Shameless (2004). However, for some viewers watching the working-class origins, they feel some discomfort as they feel that they are being made to laugh at their own life. This is because they think that there is a increasing leve l of social realism throughout as there is a sense of mockery in the social problems of challenging circumstances in the narrative that are raised. â€Å"traditional social realism takes the colour out of working-class life, Abbott restores it in a new hybrid of stylesquestioning whether the hybridisation and upbeat treatment typical of contemporary television dilutes any potential political impact. Patently, the anarchic comedy of Shameless differs from the ‘serious’ docu-drama treatments of earlier examples of social issues television.† (Nelson, 2007, pg. 50)   Another example that successfully displays the issues of class and social differences is the iconic British soap opera; Coronation Street (1960). With the support of Geraghty (1991), this soap opera concentrates on the workings of this are the accents of the different characters changing and becoming less regional and broader. Another example of the social changes that happen throughout the narrative is when the factory got demolished and replaced with houses to accommodate the changes in the narrative and with that, the new characters that may join the soap and the storylines. Characters such as the iconic and well known Ken Barlow, achieving the middle-class role when he aspired to be a student also shows the shift in the class structure as society moved on throughout the different decades. Another code of representation that is often used through narratives of many television programmes is the ideas surrounding gender. Gender is similar to representation, in that there have been many theories and debates surrounding this subject. The terms ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ are used on many occasions when referring to cultural and social aspects of gender. This is compared to the terms ‘male’ and ‘female’ being used to describe biological sex. When referring to gender representation within television, scholars state that starting from the 1970’s, gender through television was focused on the representation of femininity. This was through audiences seeing images of female characters or feminine personalities in either fictional programmes or news programmes. However, there are some researchers that argue against the above statement; stating that gender is not defined through characters and television personalities alone. According to Allen and Hill (2004), in order for gender to be analysed successfully throughout television, it needs to be considered through all genres. Some examples that are mentioned are talk shows, melodramas and soap operas. This links onto the example soap opera that is being analysed for using gender issues consistently throughout the narratives; Coronation Street (1960). One of the most famous, yet controversial storylines that was to be shown in this soap during the late 1990’s is the Hayley storyline of being a transsexual; questioning her sexuality and indeed her gender, where the progression in the storyline sees Hayley fulfil her dream at having a sex-change operation and gender readjustment. Granada successfully portrayed this sensitive subject as they allowed the audience to get to know the character Hayley before allowing the storyline to progress. This was seen as being a controversial storyline of its time as it was before the watershed, therefore setting itself up for audience complaints. However, they shown this story by representing a man who has gender corrective surgery to become a woman, by the character being actually played by a woman; adding a sense of realism to the narrative. By introducing the character of Hayley first for the audience to get to know and recognise, they reached a happy ending with the audience by experien cing the gender change with Hayley. What we can therefore conclude from the analysis that has been made is that throughout the television drama history, there has been many issues that are consistently highlighted throughout different narratives of the different television programmes, that television audiences can relate to; therefore making some television aspects more popular than others. This has been successfully portrayed through the representing codes of gender and class and how through different storylines and characters, can sustain realism; being the popularity aspect that allows the audience watching to relate to what is being shown. As well as previous literature being compared and contrasted for support, the uses of examples such as television drama Shameless (2004) and the iconic British soap opera Coronation Street (1960) shows just how these codes of representation are used throughout, being a successful technique in ensuring their popularity amongst audiences is kept to a consistently high standard thro ughout each episode and each series. Word count: 2,539 References Allen, R. and Hill, A. (Eds) The Television Studies Reader. (London: Routledge, 2004). Bignell, J. and Lacey, S. (Eds) Popular Television Drama: Critical Perspectives. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005). Bignell, J. and Lacey, S. and Macmurraugh-Kavanagh, M. (Eds) British Television Drama: Past, Present and Future. (New York: Palgrave Publishers, 2000). Caughie, J. (Ed) Television Drama: Realism, Modernism, and British Culture. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). Casey, B. and Calvert, B. (Eds) Television Studies: The Key Concepts. (Oxon: Routledge, 2008). Corner, J. (Ed) Popular Television In Britain. (London: British Film Institute, 1991). Geraghty, C. (Ed) Women and Soap Opera: A Study of Prime Time Soaps. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1991). Hobson, D. (Ed) Soap Opera. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003). Levine, G. (Ed) Realism and Representation: Essays on the Problem of Realism in Relation to Science, Literature, and Culture. (London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1993). Lukcs, G. (Ed) The Meaning of Contemporary Realism. (Great Britain: Whitstable Litho Ltd, 1963). Munt, S. (Ed) Queer Attachments: The Cultural Politics of Shame. (Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2007). Nelson, R. (Ed) State Of Play: Contemporary â€Å"High-End† TV Drama. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007). Coronation Street. 1960 [DVD] United Kingdom: ITV. Shameless. 2004 [DVD] United Kingdom: Channel 4.   Websites CHANNEL 4. (2011) Shameless (2004) [online]. (no date) [cited on 10th May 2011] channel4.com/programmes/shameless

Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Introduction Industrial engineering (IE) determines how fundamental factors of production are identified, coordinated, and used to aid efficiency and productivity in diverse operational sectors. It provides innovative skills that aid planning, control, and quality in the engineering sector.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Industrial Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidently, it is important for individuals and countries with resources and strong performance orientations to adopt sustainable and conventional engineering practices. The practices should be developed under ideological, purposeful, and developmental virtues in order to facilitate construction of cost effective infrastructures. Industrial engineers should attain superior training on best engineering practices that embraces modern techniques of operation. This is to facilitate development of appropriate construction designs, allocation of resources, and crafting of superior strategic plan to enhance effectiveness (Price 2). Contextually, this paper discusses Industrial engineering as a major and as a job/career. Additionally, it discerns the importance of Industrial engineering in diverse aspects. Indeed, industrial engineering is a concept that seeks to revolutionize execution of activities in various economic sectors. This is achievable through adoption of noble practices that aim at improving productivity, creativity, and effectiveness. Proposal for the research paper This piece provides insightful information on the imperativeness of industrial engineering that remains a noble aspect in steering performance in the current society. The concept presents requisite incentives that drive planning, design, and control of resources in the engineering setting. This propels effectiveness and efficiency in execution of activities. Its main objective is to equip individuals with performance credentials to enhance produc tivity and development of cost effective construction strategies that are sustainable. Indeed, industrial engineering concept enables development of innovative and creative processes of construction while ensuring superior management of resources. It enables creation of relevant production lines, planning, and resource distribution essential for growth. Therefore, the information is to enhance development of individuals with superior engineering credentials capable of advancing quality in the sector.Advertising Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Industrial engineering as a major discipline and a career development policy Industrial engineering forms an essential discipline in the current society. It equips individuals with conventional knowledge capacity on contemporary engineering practices that are suitable in advancing growth (Munir, 1). The practices are set to advance prod uctivity, efficiency, and value including maximization of cost-related factors that affect construction. It sets up clear guidelines that enable proper identification of relevant activities that are needed in the society and boosts formulation of strong policies that are geared towards constructing strong infrastructure. Noticeably, engineers perform significant tasks of designing, scheduling, and establishing superior control systems that enable sound execution of construction projects (Munir, 2). This explains the need of ensuring adoption of industrial engineering skills that instills innovative mindset in individuals. According to Dalhousie University article (2), industrial engineering is concerned with advancing productivity and development of stable structures that presents limited threats to users. It achieves this through effective management of people, business models, and technology. In regard to career development, individuals with strong aspirations of pursuing engineer ing should adopt industrial engineering training due to its relevance in the contemporary world. It provides superior incentives for personal and professional growth that enhances flexibility compared to other specialties of engineering. Indeed, IE equips individuals with comprehensive knowledge on diverse areas that includes construction, management, distribution of resources, and activity scheduling (SCCC 1). This is vital since other disciplines of engineering provide nonflexible knowledge where some major content are not provided for holistic practicing. Consequently, it boosts one’s ability to acquire job opportunities. Investors or prospective employers are currently in need of engineers with comprehensive knowledge in diverse fields apart from construction knowledge. These elements explain the imperativeness of industrial engineering as a career development aspect. Activities of Industrial Engineering The activities of industrial engineering revolve under set guideline s with an aim of advancing performance and improvement of quality. This ensures that value is obtained through effective administration of processes and resources that are involved in the development sequence. Evidently, IE aids architectural designing tools and equipments, which forms the foundation of any engineering project (Munir, 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Industrial Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clearly, projects that are founded under inferior standards hold low capacity to successful execution. Therefore, institutions that seek to develop strong structures should ensure establishment of superior designs and procurement of relevant equipments to ensure effectiveness in service delivery. Industrial engineers also perform identification and improvement of processes. Development of critical processes in the construction sequence is essential in facilitating engineering projects. This is to guarantee effective management of resources through priority-based distribution to avert wastages. Additionally, industrial engineering equips engineers with time, cost, and performance standardization qualities relevant in steering construction projects (TPR Education 1). Time is a scarce resource that should be managed effectively through formulation of structural and operational plans. Other activities of industrial engineers include setting up of value engineering and evaluation systems, wage incentive schemes, and performance assessment incorporating inventory quality maintenance. These activities are fundamental in ensuring development of superior engineering projects in a holistic manner with coordination by proficient individuals who hold unquestionable credentials. Functions and Importance of Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering performs diverse functions that support manufacturing and service operations. This helps in advancing productivity, safety, and employees’ welfare. Precisely, the major function of IE is to revolutionize the engineering sector by providing conventional techniques in various sectors. It seeks to enhance novelty, productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency in service delivery through adoption of superior operating strategies, designs, and control of possessions (TPR Education 1). The concept is set to advance working conditions and create clear motivational avenues with strong focus to consumer satisfaction rather than being profit-oriented. Indeed, most institutions have been focusing on profit making rather than provision of quality services. It is advisable for engineers to adopt contemporary techniques of construction that recognize modern needs and constraints in terms of resources. SCCC (2) states that investors in the construction industry need engineers who hold holistic knowledge on modern construction and administration concepts to steer construction plans. Such individuals are in demand sinc e they foster development of viable construction designs and strategies that are technological oriented. Industrial engineering presents learners with conventional and innovative incentives that facilitate holistic integration of construction and project administration concepts (Price 2). These factors are vital in formulating quality policies and construction plans.Advertising Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, holistic engineering knowledge that enhances superior planning, development of construction blueprints, and enhancement of administration skills is paramount in recording success. This is vital since planning, designing, and control of resources define the successful provisions of IE. Conclusion Evidently, industrial engineering provides noble incentives for growth and development. It ensures increased productivity, novelty, and superior management of engineering procedures. Critically, individuals with strong engineering career aspirations should undertake this course due to its relevancy and applicability in providing viable solutions in diverse sectors. Dalhousie University. What do Industrial Engineers do?. 2012. Web. Munir, Abdul. About Industrial Engineering. 2008. Web. Price, John. Industrial engineering and engineering management in Australia. 2012, Web. SCCC (Sloan Career Cornerstone Center). Industrial Engineering Overview. 2012. Web. TPR Education. Career: Ind ustrial Engineer. 2012, Web.

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example This has led to the focus on informal social processes that make tacit knowledge explicit. The corporate environment emphasizes the need to leverage their knowledge base to gain competitive advantage (Carter & Scarbrough, 2001). This has led to the packaging and commoditization of knowledge management programmes. Knowledge cannot be the exclusive property of the individuals or the groups. The concept of KM is a response to the needs of the organizations to intensify the creation and exploitation of knowledge. Tacit knowledge is embedded in narratives and is articulated in the stories that circulate in organizations. Through story telling the tacit dimension of knowledge becomes easily visible. This paper will describe the process of story telling and narratives through examples. Story has been defined as ‘ante’ to narrative; it is ‘ante-narrative’. A narrative is something that is narrated or a story (Bhardwaj & Monin, 2006). While story is an account of incidents or events, narrative comes after and makes the story coherent. Since story comes before the narrative it is known as ante-narrative and narrative is post-story. In the organizational context, story has been defined as the written and spoken experiences of the employees in the social, psychological and cultural context in which the organization operates. Narrative and story telling are human endeavors to make sense of a complicated reality. Stories are a means of connecting events and deciding what is important. Several people may observe the same public event and come away with different perceptions as human beings have the capacity to alter and direct their perceptions (Sax, 2006a). Stories were developed as a means to deal with â€Å"information overload†. It is sued by human beings to organize and process their experiences. Storytelling has a sensuality that places it close to experience. Stories evoke sights, smells and sound which philosophies and precepts do not. The term

Real and personal property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Real and personal property - Essay Example Property is usually divided into two aspects; the first being the personal property and the second is real property. Real property is usually restricted to matter revolving around land or what is sometimes called ‘in rem’. On the other hand, personal property revolves around chattels or what may sometimes be defined as ‘in personam’. In modern law, property can be examined under a series of models.; the first one amongst these is property as a fact. The second is property as a right and the third is property as a responsibility. In the legal system, real and personal property ownership is governed by property law rights when considering the common law system. In the civil law legal system, there is a distinction between movable and immovable property. Real property is largely encompassed by immovable property while personal property is associated with movable property. Consequently, the rights associated with these types of property are entailed in property law. (Liuzzo & Bonnice, 2005) In legal terms, the process of declaring that certain property belongs to an individual is not adequate enough to constitute property. Instead, this matter is usually all embracing when certain persons need to have their rights to chattels or land respected and enforced by the law. It is essential for one to acquire property legitimately in accordance to the law so as to seek its protection. This is usually acquired by possession of a title to that property. There are a series of differences that arise when one considers the issue of personal versus real property. The most outstanding difference among them is with regard to immobility. Usually, real property can be considered immobile while personal property is mobile. This means that the rule governing the latter’s transference are radically different from those governing the former. Real property

Live Theatre Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Live Theatre Evaluation Essay I went to see the production ‘Blood Brothers’ at Wycombe Swan Theatre on the 24th April 2013. Blood Brothers is a musical about twin brothers Mickey (Sean Jones) and Edward (Mark Hutchinson) separated at birth who both find each other again and become blood brothers, but find out they’re brothers right before they die. Before I saw the play, my expectations were it was going to be boring and just plain acting, which I do not like. I was quite surprised to find out it was a musical. I was quite looking forward to see how they used the script to make it happy, sad or funny at times. When I looked at part of the script in class, I didn’t really understand what was going on The type of stage used was a proscenium arch which is looking through the fourth wall, which made the production effective because we could see what they were doing but they didn’t know the audience was there, which made it more naturalistic. The stage was also set up as a quite worn down estate, there was a wall with graffiti on in the background which made it look like it wasn’t a very nice area to live in. The lighting also helped create the effect by making it quite dark, dim and dirty. In the second part of the play, they moved to the country (Ms Johnstone, Mickey, Linda, Sammy etc. ) Which was much cleaner and a nicer place to live. They showed this by making the lighting brighter and whiter, changing the backdrop to a field and when Ms Johnstone hung her sheets on the line, they were much whiter and cleaner which represents peace and happiness. Costume represented the actor’s characters a lot during the play for example, Mickey was from a rough and dirty background so his clothes were dirty, ripped and stretched throughout the play, whereas Edward’s clothing were very smart and well looked after. Another key moment to represent Mickey and Edward’s friendship was that when Edward and Mickey first met, Mickey could pull his sweatshirt all the way over knees, because he played around a lot, and Edward couldn’t because he was seen as a ‘Mummy’s boy’ and listened to his Mother a lot. The closer Edward and Mickey got, the more Edward was coming away from his Mother and listening less to what she said. For example, when Mrs Lyons shouted at Edward he pulled his jumper right over his knees and also said to his Mother â€Å"You’re a fuckoff† which is very rude and not something a posh 8 year old should say.