The Spread of Islam in the Middle East Essay Example for Free

The Spread of Islam in the Middle East Essay The Muslim Perspective   Islam is the religion of all prophets of God, including Adam, Abraham, Lot, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad.   Born in Mecca, Muhammad is known among Muslims as the final messenger of God to have brought a divine book on earth for the guidance of humanity.   Moreover, he is the reviver of Islam, rather than its founding father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the time of Muhammad’s birth in Mecca, Arabia was going through a period called the Age of Ignorance.   The followers of Abraham’s faith had turned to idol worship, and turned the Holy Ka’aba into a house of idols which they circumambulated naked.    Tribal feuds were very common; bloodshed was not rare.   Moreover, the society of Arabia at the time looked down upon women so much so that its people buried their baby girls alive.   Crime flourished, and there was no hope of bringing justice into the existing order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muhammad grew up among idol worshippers, who referred to him as Sadiq (Truthful) and Amin (Trustworthy).   At the age of forty, the man was visited by Archangel Gabriel who informed me about the new message of God to be revealed to Muhammad in order to revive the faith of Abraham once again. This message was the same as that received by the messengers before Muhammad.   The most important tenet of the faith was that there is no god except Allah (translated in Arabic as The God); and nobody else has any right to be worshipped.   The rest of the Ten Commandments were also included as the basic principles of faith.   Humanity, through Muhammad’s revival of Islam, was reminded to do good deeds, to stop killing unlawfully, to honor the parents, to stay away from adultery and fornication, and to expect final judgment and the afterlife in either heaven or hell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With its social ills, the society of Arabia required reform at the time that Muhammad received the message of God.   Many people, upon hearing Muhammad’s message in Mecca, embraced Islam.   The prophet also sent some of his followers to other cities of Arabia in order to spread the message.   Once again, he was joined by a lot of people who embraced the faith and accepted him as a God-sent guide on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muhammad was also visited by some of the people from Medina, previously known as Yathrib.   These people wholeheartedly accepted Islam, before Muhammad moved to their city faced by severe trials in Mecca.   Such trials were posed by the idol worshippers of Mecca who insisted on continuing to worship idols as well their practices from the Age of Ignorance.   Even when Muhammad had moved to Medina, the idol worshippers of Mecca kept on harassing him and his followers.   This led to various battles between the forces of God and Muhammad, and those of the infidels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muhammad and his followers were often victorious on the battlefield.   Although they lost much at the same time, their main force was Allah who never let them give up in the face of trials.   By the time Muhammad conquered Mecca, the Muslims alongside Muhammad had become a tremendous power. As a matter of fact, the prophet of God conquered Mecca without bloodshed.   The awe that he had inspired in his enemies was enough to allow him and his followers a peaceful reentry into the city of the Ka’aba.   Many of Muhammad’s enemies also embraced Islam.   Historians inform us that even his enemies were thoroughly impressed by Muhammad’s personality, and especially his sense of forgiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muhammad expired soon after the conquest of Mecca.   His followers, having spent time with a great role model, continued to fight battles against the infidels who provoked them.   Furthermore, the prophet’s followers continued to move to far and distant places to spread the message of Islam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muhammad’s followers entered many lands in the Middle East as conquerors and rulers.   After settling in new lands in the Middle East, they showed by example the humane treatment of peoples that Muhammad himself had shown them.   Countless people embraced Islam in the Middle East, although they were never forced to do so, given that Islam prohibits the use of force to spread the message of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muslim conquests were always for the cause of God’s faith.   Hence, Umar, one of the four chiefs or caliphs of Islam after Muhammad, took Muslim armies to invade Palestine and Mesopotamia.   Muslim armies under Umar also won a crushing victory over the Byzantines.   This paved the way for them to conquer Egypt and Syria.   Following a victory over the Sassanid Empire, Umar and his followers also overwhelmed the Persians in Mesopotamia. The Non-Muslim Perspective Although Muhammad had a great personality, his faith was essentially spread by the sword.   Muhammad only claimed that he was God’s messenger by taking notes from the Holy Bible.   Moreover, his followers conquered many lands because they were greedy for power.   People in the Middle East who came to be ruled by Muslim invaders had no choice but to accept Islam, given that the Muslims inspired fear into the non-Muslims.

Human Responsibilities in Domestic Breeding Essay -- Animals, Domesti

Human Responsibilities in Domestic Breeding Introduction For centuries humans have taken on the role of selectively breeding various animals in the pursuit of specific traits or behaviors. A question that is often ignored, and which I want to address, is what responsibility do the breeders have in selecting dam and sires for a mating, in regard to the offspring from that cross. In the past, animals were regarded with varying levels of respect and moral status. In early hunter-gather societies, animals were perceived as being fully rational, sentient and intelligent beings and thus be treated with due respect and consideration (1). With the advent of animal husbandry came changes in the way animals were viewed. Initially, it was common to elevate them to the status of â€Å"zoomorphic gods† and incorporated strict respect and kindness toward animals (1)(2). The respect towards animals changed over time and the different views became very disparate. Some groups saw animals merely as tools and others advocated vegetarianism and virtual ly equal moral status with humans. The beginnings of modern science, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries drastically diminished the moral status of animals, due in part to the ideas of Rene Descartes. [reference] Animals were widely seen as organic but soulless matter, similar to a machine. These views supported vivisections and other degradations towards animals as acceptable. Today, a whole spectrum exists on the moral status of animals, however, I believe the most convincing is the Equal Consideration and Unequal Moral Status proposed by David Degrazia (3). Basically, Degrazia proposes that the lives of humans and animals are relevantly different and an animal could be harmed if â€Å"needful†. .. ...ay not have any interests in common with humans, through selective mating. This last point adds a layer of complexity to the decision-making process but does not change the ethics in this case based on Wasserman’s argument. For example if, for whatever reason, a dog wanted long hair but the breeder thought that short hair would be more comfortable due to the climate, the breeder does not wrong the offspring because his motivation was, in his perspective, best for the offspring. Conclusion Therefore, based on the argument by Rollins we have an obligation to all domestic animals because we have fashioned a world where they are no longer capable of living on their own. Furthermore, having taken the responsibility to selectively breed them we have the duty to provide the proper balance of genetic diversity because that is in the best interests of the offspring.

Demonstrative Communication Paper

Andrea Dunn Individual Assignment week 2 BCOM/275 Version 1 Tim Wolfe October 30, 2011 Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history this paper will attempt to explain how it involves both listening and responding, can be effective or ineffective, positive or negative for the sender and receiver. Non- verbal cues are used in everyday interactions and can often times speak louder than verbal communication. Think back to childhood how momma’s eye contact was understood nothing had to be said and what she wanted was done just by the look she gave. How about in school the raising of hands to answer a question/ask a question? teachers understand these gestures. The same is true in business managers and employees communicate frequently through expectations; for instance the time clock employees want to be paid so they punch the clock. Managers want to acknowledge punctual employees so they review time sheets generated from time clocks. In essence demonstrative communication is of great importance and is an essential part of communication. Listening to music can involve demonstrative communication the receiver (the listener) hears the music and responds to the sender by body motions such as dancing, bobbing of feet, snapping fingers, tapping feet and so forth these movements help the sender to understand that the music is being enjoyed. Let’s look at a lawyer by the name of Belli whom effectively used demonstrative communication by using visual aids and demonstrative materials in the court room. Consider this excerpt from Visual Materials with a point; Belli used scale models to check clearance distances on highway accidents, he even brought a patient who weighed four hundred pounds up to the second floor of a courtroom by means of an outdoor lift because he could not be brought in through a first floor entrance all in an effort to show by actual presence what he could not describe verbally. † (pg. 16). The forms of demonstrative communication/materials which Belli (the sender) used had a positive effect on the jurors (the receivers) because they were able to understand at a profound level. If not careful there are instances where the use of demonstrative communication can be ineffective. A commentary not dated gave some â€Å"practical tips and tactics for maximizing and leveraging demonstrative exhibits† let’s examine number 14 from the commentary it states; â€Å"Know your audience† Daniel & Lance (n. d). Having no prior knowledge of the audience you plan to address could prove to be ineffective. For instance the audience of a traffic police is all drivers including bicyclists. A non-verbal cue when interpreted correctly helps traffic to be directed smoothly avoiding accidents. The examples used throughout this paper are just a few instances to describe demonstrative communication. There are much more examples not shown here the point is what is understood physically (facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions) don’t have to be said. Closing thoughts showing an awareness of non-verbal cues will have a winning effect with communication. Learn to pay attention to facial expressions it will give a better chance of figuring out the meaning behind the message the sender attempts to send through words. Your eye contact can help to gain trust; as not properly knowing when to use touch can cause barriers to trust. Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history. Let’s put more thought into non-verbal cues to heighten understanding and cooperation amongst one another. Senders and receivers are in tuned with the communication process by â€Å"determining what they hope to achieve, Identifying the key points, considering the reaction, determining what channel to use, deliverance, ensure the message was received and understood, receive and interpret the response to the message, then decide f further communication is necessary† bcom275 r1 (2011). Communication is an essential part of life; knowledge of the correct use of demonstrative communication will go further than words could express and barriers will be lifted so listening and responding will no longer be a mystery and communication will be more effective and positive vs. ineffective and negative. References Bcom275_r1_the communication process Retrieved from OLS at Phoenix Daniel Wolfe and Lance, J. (n. d). Commentary: Tactics, ethical considerations in Leveraging demonstrations. Rhode Island Lawyers Weekly, Retrieved from Ebscohost Palzer, E. (1962). Visual Materials with a point. Today’s speech, 10(2), 15-27, Retrieved From Ebscohost Demonstrative Communication Paper Andrea Dunn Individual Assignment week 2 BCOM/275 Version 1 Tim Wolfe October 30, 2011 Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history this paper will attempt to explain how it involves both listening and responding, can be effective or ineffective, positive or negative for the sender and receiver. Non- verbal cues are used in everyday interactions and can often times speak louder than verbal communication. Think back to childhood how momma’s eye contact was understood nothing had to be said and what she wanted was done just by the look she gave. How about in school the raising of hands to answer a question/ask a question? teachers understand these gestures. The same is true in business managers and employees communicate frequently through expectations; for instance the time clock employees want to be paid so they punch the clock. Managers want to acknowledge punctual employees so they review time sheets generated from time clocks. In essence demonstrative communication is of great importance and is an essential part of communication. Listening to music can involve demonstrative communication the receiver (the listener) hears the music and responds to the sender by body motions such as dancing, bobbing of feet, snapping fingers, tapping feet and so forth these movements help the sender to understand that the music is being enjoyed. Let’s look at a lawyer by the name of Belli whom effectively used demonstrative communication by using visual aids and demonstrative materials in the court room. Consider this excerpt from Visual Materials with a point; Belli used scale models to check clearance distances on highway accidents, he even brought a patient who weighed four hundred pounds up to the second floor of a courtroom by means of an outdoor lift because he could not be brought in through a first floor entrance all in an effort to show by actual presence what he could not describe verbally. † (pg. 16). The forms of demonstrative communication/materials which Belli (the sender) used had a positive effect on the jurors (the receivers) because they were able to understand at a profound level. If not careful there are instances where the use of demonstrative communication can be ineffective. A commentary not dated gave some â€Å"practical tips and tactics for maximizing and leveraging demonstrative exhibits† let’s examine number 14 from the commentary it states; â€Å"Know your audience† Daniel & Lance (n. d). Having no prior knowledge of the audience you plan to address could prove to be ineffective. For instance the audience of a traffic police is all drivers including bicyclists. A non-verbal cue when interpreted correctly helps traffic to be directed smoothly avoiding accidents. The examples used throughout this paper are just a few instances to describe demonstrative communication. There are much more examples not shown here the point is what is understood physically (facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions) don’t have to be said. Closing thoughts showing an awareness of non-verbal cues will have a winning effect with communication. Learn to pay attention to facial expressions it will give a better chance of figuring out the meaning behind the message the sender attempts to send through words. Your eye contact can help to gain trust; as not properly knowing when to use touch can cause barriers to trust. Demonstrative communication dates way back before birth as well as before our parents were born and will continue to be of great importance throughout history. Let’s put more thought into non-verbal cues to heighten understanding and cooperation amongst one another. Senders and receivers are in tuned with the communication process by â€Å"determining what they hope to achieve, Identifying the key points, considering the reaction, determining what channel to use, deliverance, ensure the message was received and understood, receive and interpret the response to the message, then decide f further communication is necessary† bcom275 r1 (2011). Communication is an essential part of life; knowledge of the correct use of demonstrative communication will go further than words could express and barriers will be lifted so listening and responding will no longer be a mystery and communication will be more effective and positive vs. ineffective and negative. References Bcom275_r1_the communication process Retrieved from OLS at Phoenix Daniel Wolfe and Lance, J. (n. d). Commentary: Tactics, ethical considerations in Leveraging demonstrations. Rhode Island Lawyers Weekly, Retrieved from Ebscohost Palzer, E. (1962). Visual Materials with a point. Today’s speech, 10(2), 15-27, Retrieved From Ebscohost

Federal Bureau Of Investigations And The United Nations...

The following essay examines the definitions of organized crime from the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Furthermore, the research examines how the two definitions relate to or are applicable to the Medellin Cartel of Columbia led by Pablo Escobar. In addition, this essay provides an analysis of Columbia’s social climate during Escobar’s reign and its contribution to his outlaw sense of social justice. Furthermore, this essay inspects the real Escobar against his self-image, how he signed his death warrant with the CIA/DEA and how his weaknesses were discovered then used against him resulting in the collapse of his organization and his expiration. Organized crime generally consist of†¦show more content†¦These two definitions relate to and are applicable to Escobar who organized and led the Medellin cartel of Columbia. Escobar aligned himself with an extensive network of individuals each duty-bound to handle a majority of his affairs. This network was divided into subgroups, each delegated to their special assigned category that included, but not limited to, finances, social, military, personal, family, public, economic, political, law enforcement, and the media. These groups and sub groups in return received an unlimited amount of resources to handle affairs and protection from authorities or anyone attempting to interfere or disrupt their business. By creating several branches to facilitate his organization, this permitted his growth in influence and dominance. Each group separately handled his outlets which afforded him the opportunity to succeed in many ways, but ultimately resulted in failure as he became a distr acted, confused, and disoriented leader. His organization was large, but through his own mistakes or missteps the organization was dismantled further contributing to his expiration. The organization was largely controlled by money and through violence. On a large scale, the organization stretched out from his country to other countries that was well controlled allowing for enormous profits and great power. Escobar sought compliance in every form and by any means necessary.